Cambodia, a Southeast Asian nation rich in history and culture, features a diverse and unique geography that includes mountains, plains, rivers, and a beautiful coastline along the Gulf of Thailand. Here’s a detailed overview of the geographical aspects of Cambodia:

Location

• Coordinates: Located between 10° and 15° N latitude and 102° and 108° E longitude.
• Borders: Cambodia shares borders with:
  • Thailand to the northwest (803 kilometers)
  • Laos to the north (541 kilometers)
  • Vietnam to the east and south (1,158 kilometers)

Total Area

• Area: Approximately 181,035 square kilometers (69,898 square miles), making it the 89th largest country in the world.

Major Geographic Features

1. Topography:
   • Lowlands and Plains: The majority of Cambodia consists of low-lying plains, particularly the Mekong River Basin. The fertile land supports agriculture, especially rice cultivation, which is vital for the Cambodian economy and diet.
   • Mountains:
     • Cardamom Mountains: Located in the southwest, these mountains are one of Southeast Asia’s largest rainforests, covering an area of about 4,000 square kilometers. They are home to diverse flora and fauna, including endangered species such as the Asian elephant and various birds.
     • Dângrêk Mountains: This mountain range runs along the northeastern border with Thailand and offers stunning views and natural habitats. The highest peak in Cambodia is Phnom Aural, rising to about 1,813 meters (5,949 feet) in the Cardamom range.
   • Plateaus: The northeastern region features plateaus, including Ratanakiri and Mondulkiri provinces, known for their lush greenery, waterfalls, and ethnic diversity.
2. Rivers:
   • Mekong River: One of the world’s longest rivers, the Mekong runs approximately 4,350 kilometers from Tibet to the South China Sea. In Cambodia, it flows through several provinces and plays a vital role in the country’s economy, providing water for agriculture and serving as a transportation route. The river is also known for its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems.
   • Tonle Sap Lake: The largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, the Tonle Sap is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. It has a unique hydrological phenomenon where it expands during the rainy season, covering an area of around 16,000 square kilometers (6,200 square miles) and contracting during the dry season. The lake is crucial for fishing and supports numerous communities.
   • Tonle Sap River: This river connects the Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake, allowing for the flow of fish and water between the two bodies of water.
3. Coastline:
   • Gulf of Thailand: Cambodia has a coastline of approximately 443 kilometers (275 miles) along the Gulf of Thailand. The coast features beautiful beaches, islands, and coastal towns, including:
     • Sihanoukville: A popular beach destination with various resorts and access to nearby islands such as Koh Rong and Koh Ta Kiev.
     • Kep: Known for its seafood and tranquil beaches, Kep offers a more laid-back atmosphere compared to Sihanoukville.
   • Islands: Cambodia has around 60 islands in the Gulf of Thailand, many of which remain largely undeveloped, providing pristine natural environments for visitors.

Climate

• Tropical Monsoon Climate: Cambodia experiences a tropical climate characterized by two distinct seasons:
  • Dry Season (November to April): Marked by warm temperatures and little rainfall. Temperatures can range from 25°C to 35°C (77°F to 95°F).
  • Wet Season (May to October): Characterized by heavy rainfall and high humidity, with the monsoon bringing torrential downpours, particularly in September and October. Average temperatures during this season typically range from 24°C to 32°C (75°F to 90°F).

Natural Resources

• Biodiversity: Cambodia is home to rich biodiversity, with several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, such as:
  • Cardamom Mountains National Park: A significant area for wildlife conservation, preserving a wide variety of plants and animals.
  • Bokor National Park: Known for its cooler climate, waterfalls, and historical sites, offering a different landscape than the tropical lowlands.
• Agricultural Land: The fertile plains of Cambodia, particularly around the Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake, support agriculture, mainly rice cultivation, which is the backbone of the country’s economy. Other important crops include rubber, cassava, and various fruits and vegetables.

Major Regions

1. Northwestern Cambodia: Known for the Angkor Archaeological Park, this region attracts many tourists and is characterized by its historical significance and natural beauty.
2. Central Cambodia: The heart of the country, including the capital, Phnom Penh, which is a hub of commerce and culture.
3. Eastern Cambodia: This area includes the mountainous regions of Ratanakiri and Mondulkiri, known for their natural beauty and ethnic diversity.
4. Southern Cambodia: Home to the coastline and islands, this region is vital for tourism and fishing industries.

Conclusion

Cambodia’s geography is a tapestry of natural beauty, cultural heritage, and economic resources. From the majestic mountains and fertile plains to the vibrant rivers and pristine coastline, the country’s geographical features shape the lives of its people and contribute to its rich cultural heritage. Understanding Cambodia’s geography provides insight into the nation’s identity and its significance in Southeast Asia.